KAMPUNG DAMAI

Teks: Review (Ulasan atau tinjauan)
1. Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar khalayak ramai, misalnya film, pertunjukan, buku, dll.
(b) Struktur Teks:
• Pengenalan;(orientation)
• Evaluasi 1;
• Evaluasi 2;
• Tafsir;(Interpretive)
• Evaluasi 3;
• Evaluasi 4, dsb. Jika ada;
• Rangkuman.(Evaluative Summation)
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
• Terfokus pada partisipan tertentu;
Menggunakan:
• adjectives menunjukkan sikap, seperti bad, good;
• klausa panjang dan kompleks;
• metafor.
2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Pengenalan / Orientasi
I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in my heart.

Evaluasi :
I have to say that of all the books, however, this one was not my favorite.

Evaluasi 2 :
When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.

Tafsiran (Interpretative recount) :
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example - housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

Rangkuman :
A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the "angry teen" overnight.

The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

Tujuan Komunikatifnya: menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial-budaya, atau lainnya

Ciri kebahasaan yang ada dalam teks : simple action verbs; abstract nouns, misalnya word chopping, earthquakes; noun phrase, conjunctions of time dan cause; passive voice; present tense; abstract nouns, misalnya the temperature; misalnya the large cloud; kalimat pasif.

Generic structure explanation teks :
General statement – Explanation ( show the process/es ) – Closing.

Contoh :
How a Spider’s Web Forms
General Statement : A Spider web looks delicate but it is very strong. It can hold 4000 times a spider’s weight. But how does it form.
Explanation : First the spider spins a thread of silk. The thread gets blown over to a branch by teh wind. Then she makes another two threads and makes a Y shape. Next she makes more threads and they look like spokes off a wheel. Then the spider goes in a spiral, out and back in, sits in the middle and waits for food.
Closing : This is how a web is formed.
Contoh lain :
Venus Flytrap
The Venus Flytrap is an extraordinary plant. It is a carnivorous (flesh eating) plant which can digest flies and other insects.

When the ‘trap’ is open, it looks like a large seashell with sharp, spiky ‘teeth’. It has bright colours and a beautiful scent.

Insects are attracted to the plant because of its vibrant colours and its sweet-scented nectar. The insects land on small ‘trigger’ hairs of the trap and this pressure causes the trap to close. If the insect is too small, the chamber will not close, because there is not enough pressure. Once the trap has swallowed an insect it takes ten days to diggest it.

The Venus Flytrap prefers tropical weather and so it is found in places like South America. It is often used by people to catch the annoying insects that fly around their houses. In my opinion it’s very useful plant!

Contoh lain :

The Picher of Death
You may have heard of a plant called the Picher of Death. As you can probably tell by its name, it kills and eats insects. If you want to know how, read on!

To catch flies and other insects, this plant needs a bait and a trap. The bait in this case in nectar. The trap is the cup or ‘pitcher’ shaped leaves which have short hairs at the top to give the insect a sure foothold, but slippery hairs pointing downwards, so it can’t escape once it falls in. the other part of the trap is a digestive fluid inside the cup.

How it catches the insect is really quite simple. First the insect is attracted by the nectar. Then it slips on the smooth inner surface of the plant. Next it is forced downwards by the slippery hairs. Then it falls into the digestive fluid and is drowned.

An interesting fact about this plant is that the pitcher leaves can grow to the size of a fully grown adult’s hand.

TRADISI KUPATAN
Berawal dari Tradisi Wali Songo

Ketupat atau tradisi Jawa-nya kupatan bukan hanya sebuah tradisi Lebaran dengan menghidangkan ketupat, sejenis makanan atau beras yang dimasak dan dibungkus daun janur berbentuk prisma maupun segi empat. Sebab, kupatan memiliki makna dan filososi mendalam.

Dari sisi sejarah, tradisi kupatan berangkat dari upaya-upaya walisongo memasukkan ajaran Islam. Karena zaman dulu orang Jawa selalu menggunakan simbol-simbol tertentu, akhirnya para walisongo memanfaatkan cara tersebut. ''Tradisi kupatan akhirnya menggunakan simbol janur atau daun kelapa muda berwarna kuning”.

Dari sisi bahasa, kupat berarti mengaku lepat atau mengakui kesalahan. Bertepatan dengan momen Lebaran, kupat mengusung semangat saling memaafkan, semangat taubat pada Allah, dan sesama manusia. Dengan harapan, tidak akan lagi menodai dengan kesalahan di masa depan. ''Kupat dalam bahasa Arab adalah bentuk jamak dari kafi. Yakni, kuffat yang berarti sudah cukup harapan".

Dengan berpuasa satu bulan penuh di bulan Ramadan, lalu Lebaran 1 syawal, dan dilanjutkan dengan puasa sunnah enam hari syawal, maka orang-orang yang kuffat merasa cukup ibadahnya. Apalagi, berdasarkan hadis riwayat Imam Muslich bahwa ibadah tersebut sama dengan berpuasa satu tahun lamanya. ''Karena itulah, kuffat berarti orang-orang yang merasa cukup".

Terlebih, ditambah lagi dengan tradisi silaturahim selama sepekan penuh pada kerabat dan masyarakat sekitar. Sehingga, tradisi kupatan benar-benar dirasa lengkap.

Sedang dari sisi penyimbolan, dipilihnya janur karena janur biasa digunakan masyarakat Jawa dalam suasana suka cita. Umumnya, dipasang saat ada pesta pernikahan atau momen menggembirakan lain. Janur dalam bahasa Arab berasal dari kata Jaa Nur atau telah datang cahaya. Sebuah harapan cahaya menuju rahmat Allah, sehingga terwujud negeri yang makmur dan penuh berkah.

Sedang isinya, dipilih beras baik-baik yang dimasak jadi satu sehingga membentuk gumpalan beras yang sangat kempel. Ini pun memiliki makna tersendiri, yakni makna kebersamaan dan kemakmuran. ''Harapan para Wali Songo dulu, tradisi kupatan ini bukan sebuah formalitas, tapi menjadi semangat kebersamaan umat".

Selain itu, biasanya kupatan dimaknai dengan potongan miring sebagai simbol perempuan. Potongan kupat miring tersebut lazim disandingkan dengan lepet berbahan beras ketan dengan bentuk lonjong sebagai simbol laki-laki. ''Artinya, pasangan suami istri juga harus selalu hidup rukun dan bersanding".

Dalam perjalanan, para kiai dan ulama menjadikan tradisi kupatan untuk menyampaikan pesan persatuan dan silaturahim. Ajakan tersebut, tak perlu sulit-sulit dengan imbauan lisan, tapi cukup dengan simbol-simbol. Sehingga, ajaran agama menjadi tidak asing bagi umat. ''Dengan menggunakan simbol yang melekat di kehidupan sehari-hari, ajaran agama bukan lagi hal menakutkan. Karena alat perantaranya telah melekat dihati".

Bagaimana dengan sandingan sayur kupat, apa mengandung makna tertentu juga? Disinggung soal itu, Marzuki menandaskan sayur pendamping kupat hanyalah selera lidah masyarakat. Tidak ada makna khusus karena biasanya sayur pendamping kupat disesuaikan dengan masakan khas daerah masing-masing.