KAMPUNG DAMAI

Analytical Exposition (Eksposisi Analitis)

Ciri Umum:

(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar atau pembaca) bahwa ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian.

(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
• Thesis; Pernyataan pendapat
• Argument; terdiri atas “point” yang dikemukakan dan “elaborasi”;
• Reiteration ; Penguatan pernyataan.

(c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan:
• General nouns, misalnya car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.
• Abstract nouns, misalnya policy, government, dsb.
• Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals, dsb.
• Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.
• Action verbs, misalnya She must save, dsb.
• Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb
• Modal verbs, misalnya we must preserve, dsb.
• Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, we, dsb.
• Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly,dsb.
• Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, trustworthy, dsb.
• Kalimat pasif

EXAMPLE:
Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis

US financial crisis and its contagion to Europe and the rest of the world could also create new opportunity for Indonesia in term of foreign direct investment and the development of basic infrastructure.

As the US, financial crisis has now spread to Europe, the oil-rich countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Arab Emirate which have accumulated hundreds of billion of Dollars in their foreign reserve, are now reviewing their holding or investment vehicle. They are looking for more diversified investment outside the US and Europe.

Because of unfavorable political developments in Thailand and Malaysia over the past few months, Indonesia which has largely Muslim population could become one of these oil-rich countries' favorite place for foreign direct investment. That will be true if the conditions, legal and market infrastructures are conducive for Islamic financial instruments.

The government had improved the legal framework with the recent actment of laws on sharia banking and bonds. The long term nature of Islamic bonds could make them the most suitable investment instrument for Indonesia, as these bonds grant an investor a share in an asset along with the cash flows and risks commensurate with such ownership.

The financial crisis that has gripped the globe and weakening economic growth in the rest of the world will serve to the government to accelerate the investment reform measures in order to grab the hidden opportunity in the global crisis. (Simplified from the jakartapos.com on Oct 9)

NOTES ON Generic Structure:
• Paragraph 1 is THESIS. It introduces the topic of the text which states the potential opportunity behind the global financial crisis.
• Paragraphes 2 and 3 are the ARGUMENTS which support to the opinions stated in the above thesis.
• Paragraph 4 and 5 are REITERATION which restate the thesis in another phrases to point the writer's opinion.

Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)
Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa seharusnya demikian atau tidak demikian .

(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Thesis; Pernyataan isu yang dipersoalkan
Arguments: berupa alasan mengapa ada keprihatinan, dan mengarah ke rekomendasi
Recomendation: pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya

(c) Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:
• Abstrac nouns,misalnya policy,government dsb.
• Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals,dsb.
• Relating verbs, misalnya should be, doesn’t seem to have been , dsb.
• Action verbs, misalnya, we must save, dsb.
• Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe , dsb.
• Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.
• Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly,we, dsb.
• Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.
• Simple present tense
• Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.
• Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

More Dust Bins is Cleaner; example of hortatory
To improve comfort and cleanliness at the school, there should be an increasing number of dust bins.


When we look at classroom, school corridors and schoolyard, there papers, mineral water cops, straws, and napkin everywhere. The condition of unseemliness really hinders learning and teaching environment. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for mosquito to spread out.

Anyway I notice that most of the students have responsibilities for their school environment. They put their litter on the proper place but some of them are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of the dust bins in the school are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each step, outside of the classrooms and some along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.

When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study.

Teks: Review (Ulasan atau tinjauan)
1. Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar khalayak ramai, misalnya film, pertunjukan, buku, dll.
(b) Struktur Teks:
• Pengenalan;(orientation)
• Evaluasi 1;
• Evaluasi 2;
• Tafsir;(Interpretive)
• Evaluasi 3;
• Evaluasi 4, dsb. Jika ada;
• Rangkuman.(Evaluative Summation)
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
• Terfokus pada partisipan tertentu;
Menggunakan:
• adjectives menunjukkan sikap, seperti bad, good;
• klausa panjang dan kompleks;
• metafor.
2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Pengenalan / Orientasi
I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in my heart.

Evaluasi :
I have to say that of all the books, however, this one was not my favorite.

Evaluasi 2 :
When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.

Tafsiran (Interpretative recount) :
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example - housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

Rangkuman :
A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the "angry teen" overnight.

The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

Tujuan Komunikatifnya: menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial-budaya, atau lainnya

Ciri kebahasaan yang ada dalam teks : simple action verbs; abstract nouns, misalnya word chopping, earthquakes; noun phrase, conjunctions of time dan cause; passive voice; present tense; abstract nouns, misalnya the temperature; misalnya the large cloud; kalimat pasif.

Generic structure explanation teks :
General statement – Explanation ( show the process/es ) – Closing.

Contoh :
How a Spider’s Web Forms
General Statement : A Spider web looks delicate but it is very strong. It can hold 4000 times a spider’s weight. But how does it form.
Explanation : First the spider spins a thread of silk. The thread gets blown over to a branch by teh wind. Then she makes another two threads and makes a Y shape. Next she makes more threads and they look like spokes off a wheel. Then the spider goes in a spiral, out and back in, sits in the middle and waits for food.
Closing : This is how a web is formed.
Contoh lain :
Venus Flytrap
The Venus Flytrap is an extraordinary plant. It is a carnivorous (flesh eating) plant which can digest flies and other insects.

When the ‘trap’ is open, it looks like a large seashell with sharp, spiky ‘teeth’. It has bright colours and a beautiful scent.

Insects are attracted to the plant because of its vibrant colours and its sweet-scented nectar. The insects land on small ‘trigger’ hairs of the trap and this pressure causes the trap to close. If the insect is too small, the chamber will not close, because there is not enough pressure. Once the trap has swallowed an insect it takes ten days to diggest it.

The Venus Flytrap prefers tropical weather and so it is found in places like South America. It is often used by people to catch the annoying insects that fly around their houses. In my opinion it’s very useful plant!

Contoh lain :

The Picher of Death
You may have heard of a plant called the Picher of Death. As you can probably tell by its name, it kills and eats insects. If you want to know how, read on!

To catch flies and other insects, this plant needs a bait and a trap. The bait in this case in nectar. The trap is the cup or ‘pitcher’ shaped leaves which have short hairs at the top to give the insect a sure foothold, but slippery hairs pointing downwards, so it can’t escape once it falls in. the other part of the trap is a digestive fluid inside the cup.

How it catches the insect is really quite simple. First the insect is attracted by the nectar. Then it slips on the smooth inner surface of the plant. Next it is forced downwards by the slippery hairs. Then it falls into the digestive fluid and is drowned.

An interesting fact about this plant is that the pitcher leaves can grow to the size of a fully grown adult’s hand.

ANALYTICAL HORTATORY


I. Hortatory Exposition

Teks ini hampir sama dengan Analytical Exposition, dapat ditemukan pada berbagai macam surat maupun artikel yang bersifat membujuk, mempengaruhi misalnya surat pembaca, promosi, surat terbuka dan lain-lain.

II. Struktur susunan teks
* Thesis *
Berisi issue atau topic permasalahan yang diangkat sebagai pokok persoalan, serta posisi penulis terhadap persoalan tersebut.

* Arguments *
Serangkaian alasan yang mendukung ide penulis.

* Recommendation *
Berisi anjuran, nasihat atau apa yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya dilakukan menanggapi persoalan yang diangkat.

III. Language features / ciri-ciri kebahasaan
* Generic participant. Obyek, pokok persoalan bersifat umum.

* Terdapat action verb, kata kerja tindakan

* Menggunakan mental process, missal : think, feel, understand dsb.

* Simple present tense

IV.Tujuan Komunikatif
Membujuk, mempengaruhi dan menganjurkan kepada pembaca, pendengar bahwa sesuatu seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya menjadi permasalahan.

To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case.

V. CONTOH TEKS.
WHERE SHOULD BE AFTER HIGH SCHOOL?
The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planed yet, it will be quite confusing.
Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning. So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative.
Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them. Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly known as distance learning.
As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them.